the interdependencies among kernel modules and writes (Business web site) the

the interdependencies among kernel modules and writes the results to /lib/ modules/$(uname -r)/modules.dep. The modprobecommand reads dependency information from thatfile. depmodruns each time you boot your system sothe dependency database is always up-to-date, unless you build or install a new module. To rebuildthe dependency database, use the following command: # depmod -aAs we mention earlier, modprobeuses the informationgathered by depmodto automatically load any mod- ules dependent on the one you want to use. The syn- tax for modprobeis essentially the same as the syntaxfor insmod: # modprobe modulenameIf any of the dependencies can tbe resolved, modprobegives up and undoes any of the work it salready done. Loading a module for a slightly different kernel with insmod and modprobeBecause modprobeautomatically resolves anydependencies for you, why would you ever want touse insmod? Every kernel module is compiled for aspecific kernel version. Occasionally, you run into amodule that s compiled for the wrong kernel, butyou re pretty sure it will work with your version. (For example, you may find a great sound carddriver compiled for kernel version 2.4.22-1.2115. nptl, and you re running 2.4.22-1.2116.nptl.) If youtry to modprobea module with the wrong version, modprobewon t do it. You can force insmodto loadthe module (even though it s been built for thewrong version) by including the –forceoption onthe command line: # insmod –force iforceBut, insmodwill still complain about unresolveddependencies. Don t give up you can still use modprobeto do the hard work for you. Just use the -nand -voptions: # modprobe -n -v iforceinsmod input.oinsmod usbcore.oinsmod serio.oinsmod iforce.oWhen you use the -nand -voptions, modprobeshowsyou the insmodcommands that you need in order toload dependent modules in the correct order (but itdoesn t actually execute those commands). Now youcan execute those commands yourself; just be sureto include the –forceoption when you load the mis- matched module: # modprobe -n -v iforceinsmod input.oinsmod usbcore.oinsmod serio.oinsmod iforce.o# insmod input.o# insmod usbcore.o# insmod serio.o# insmod –force iforce.oThe lsmodcommand displays a list of the modulesthat are currently loaded on your system (see Figure 23-1). Figure 23-1:Currently loaded kernel modules.
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