Remote web server - arguments (note, you have only a few sec-
arguments (note, you have only a few sec- onds before the boot loader starts your kernel). Ifyou re running Mandrake or SuSE Linux, press theEsc key (while the boot selection screen is dis- played) to reach the Linux boot prompt. If you have multiple kernels or multiple oper- ating systems installed on your system, they redisplayed on the boot loader selection screen. The Linux kernel supports a huge variety of optionsand parameters, but you only need to know about afew of them. To find a complete (though slightly unattrac- tive) list of boot time parameters, install thekernel-docRPM package, which is includedwith most Linux distributions. You find the listin /usr/src/linux-$(uname -r)/ Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt. Just open the file with your favorite editor. The default command line for Fedora is as follows: grub append> ro root=LABEL=/ rhgbIf you re running Mandrake or SuSE Linux, thedefault command line will differ slightly. Table 23-1 lists various parameters that you maywant to use to alter the default command line. Youcan change the kernel command line to modify theway your Linux kernel boots, or to change the waythe Linux kernel runs after it s done booting. Removing modules with rmmodThe rmmodcommand removes a loadable modulefrom the kernel. You can t remove a module if it s inuse (lsmodwill tell you whether or not the module isbeing used). To remove a module, use the followingcommand: # rmmod modulenameWhen you delete a module, it s still on your com- puter; it s just not loaded into the kernel. Manipulating Boot TimeParametersThe Linux kernel is a program just like any otherprogram (well, maybe that s a bit of oversimplifica- tion): It has a command line, and you can specifyoptions and parameters to the kernel when you bootyour system. Each time you boot your system, the boot loaderpauses for a moment at the boot selection screen you usually hit Enter (or just wait for the built-intimer to expire) when you see the selection screen, and your computer happily boots the Linux kernelusing the default boot parameters. Linux can do a lotmore. If you re running Fedora Linux, press the A key whilethe boot selection screen is displayed to modify theTABLE23-1: FEDORABOOT-LINEPARAMETERSTo Do ThisMake This Change to the Timesaving Bonus InfoDefault Linux Command LineView detailed boot Remove the rhgb(Red Hat Removing rhgbsaves a little bit of boot time, and you messages (Fedora only).Graphical Boot) from the have a better starting point if you have to investigate a end of the command line.boot problem.
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