crash, or normal maintenance), a slavedatabase can take over. It improves the overall performance of yourdatabase. Create a replication slave on a sepa- rate computer, and you ve spread the user loadonto two systems. MySQL s replication architec- ture makes it easy to configure as many slaveservers as you need. It improves availability while you re backingup your data. Because the slave servers containthe same data as the master, you can take a slaveoffline and archive the data from there instead offrom the master server. Configuring replication: The three topologiesDifferent database vendors offer different replicationtopologies(the topology of a replication systemdescribes which servers push data to other servers). MySQL supports three basic topologies: Single-master/single-slave Single-master/multiple-slave Single-master/chained-slavesThe single-master/single-slave topology is easiest to understand. One server acts as the replicationmaster. When you change a table in the master, themodification is pushed to another server, called thereplication slave. A single replication master can push data to multipleslave servers. That s a single-master/multiple-slavetopology. A replication slave can push changes (which itreceives from the replication master) to another slave, resulting in a single-master/chained-slaves topology. Replication data always flows in one direction: from the master to the slave. The replicationmaster records all data modifications to abinary (that is, not human-readable) log file. When a replication slave connects to the mas- ter, it reads the log file and applies all thechanges to its own copy of the data. If you plan to use MySQL in your daily work, it s a good idea to configure your system tostart the MySQL server each time you bootyour computer: See Technique 20 for thedetails. Just remember, the MySQL service isnamed mysqlon SuSE and Mandrake sys- tems, and mysqldif you re running Fedora. After you start the server for the first time, create aMySQL password for the rootuser: 1.Open a terminal window and give yourselfsuperuser privileges: $ su - Password: 2.Type in the following command (substitutingyour desired password for new-password): # mysqladmin -u root password new- passwordNow you re ready to use your MySQL server. Ifyou re already comfortable with MySQL, we give youa few more timesaving tips in the rest of this chapter. If not, it s time to hit the books. You can find a widevariety of books on MySQL in your local book store(or at a bookseller online), but we happen to thinkthat MySQL [New Riders/Sams Publishing]by PaulDubois is one of the best. Replicating MySQL DataMySQL supports data replication. When you config- ure replication, MySQL automatically forwards datamodifications (INSERTs, UPDATEs, and DELETEs) fromone MySQL server to another. If you have a geo- graphically distributed organization, MySQL canautomatically push data from your central databaseout to your branch offices. Changes that you maketo the master database appear almost instantly ineach of the remote servers. Replication offers three important benefits: It improves the overall reliability of your data- base.If the master database becomes unavail- able for some reason (hardware problems, a54_
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