Big Files intoManageable ChunksWhile you re working across the (Web hosting isp)
Big Files intoManageable ChunksWhile you re working across the Web or across a net- work, the inevitable happens: You lose the networkconnection mid-upload. You have to go all the wayback to the beginning and start the transfer over. ISPs are known to place limits on the size of incom- ing files. E-mails with oversized attachments arereturned undelivered and unseen by the recipients. How can you get around that? To transfer a large file to a user with limited access(or over a questionable connection), use the splitcommand. splitdoesn t actually speed up the trans- fer, but it does speed up the recovery if a connectiondrops. splitbreaks a file (any file archives, pictures, data . . . you name it) into segments that you canreassemble on the other end. To reassemble the split file accurately,all thepieces must be included. split can t tell ifthey re all there or not it just re-assembleswhat it has. If great-aunt Gertrude s nose looksa bit off, you may have lost a segment. Use the following command to break a file into 1-megabyte segments for transfer: $ split –bytes=1m filetosplit segmentprefixsplitappends the segmentprefixwith a unique suf- fix. When it s finished, you still have the original file, but you also have a set of 1 megabyte segments. Ifyou started with a 2.5 megabyte file, you end up withthree segments: The first two contain 1 megabyteeach, and the third file contains the leftovers. It s a good idea to calculate an MD5 checksum on the original file to compare it to the reassembledresult. Save the number generated by the followingcommand you ll need it later: $ md5sum filetosplitmd5stands for message digest #5. It s a cryp- tographic program that s good at detectingdifferences between files. It s kind of like a fin- gerprint for a file. Send the checksum with the attachments orsave them to compare to the checksum of thereassembled file. If the checksums match, youcan be sure that the entire file was receivedand reassembled. It s easy to move all the segments securely with onescpcommand: $ scp segmentprefix.* user@host:directoryTo rebuild the file after the upload, use sshto log in to the remote machine, and use cdto move to the directory containing the segments. To reassemblethe segments, enter this command: $ cat segmentprefix.* > filenamecatrebuilds the file into its original structure. After the file is rebuilt, run a new MD5 checksum andcompare it to the fingerprint of the original file. Thetwo fingerprints should be identical. $ md5sum originalfilenameIf you ve sent the splitfile to a friend running Windows, the typecommand willconcatenate splitfiles on Windows.
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