1: VIEWINGMODULEINFORMATIONWITHMODINFO# modinfo iforcefilename: /lib/modules/ 2.4.22-1.2115.nptl/kernel/ drivers/char/joystick/iforce.odescription: USB/RS232 I-Force joysticks and wheels driver author: Vojtech Pavlik, Johann Deneux license: GPL Installing a module with insmodThe insmodcommand installs a module into a run- ning kernel (or at least tries to). The typical com- mand syntax is# insmod modulenameTaking care of dependencies automaticallywith modprobe and depmodWe said that insmodtries to install a module, but it snot always successful. Some modules depend onother modules. For example, if you want to load theIforce joystick driver, you must first load the genericserial joystick driver and USB driver. If you try toload a module with unsatisfied symbols, you seeerror messages like this: unresolved symbol serio_close_R393d70c3unresolved symbol serio_open_R17abfb2funresolved symbol serio_unregister_deviceunresolved symbol serio_register_deviceDeciphering these messages can be nearly impossible. Fortunately, modprobesolves dependency problemsfor you. The modprobecommand works with theinformation computed by depmodto automaticallyload any dependent modules. Adding and Removing KernelModulesLinux contains some handy commands you can useto manipulate your kernel while it s running. The ker- nel module tools make it easy to experiment withkernel changes without making any lasting or perma- nent changes. These commands don t make permanentchanges to your kernel; the changes last onlyuntil you reboot. To automatically implement achange at boot time, you need to add thechange to a startup script. For the quickestway to make a change to your system startupscript, check out Technique 26, where weshow you a couple of easy-to-follow examplesin the section about closing down securitygaps with /proc. To use the kernel tools, you need to open a terminalwindow and give yourself superuser privileges withthe su -command. Be sure to include the hyphen, which ensures that the module tools are on your$PATHsearch path. Learning about modulesYou can find out what kernel modules are on yoursystem by entering the following command: # ls -R /lib/modules/$(uname -r) If you don t have the kernel module that youneed to control a device or configure a pieceof hardware, do a Google search for the kernelmodule you need. Lots of modules are avail- able on the Web. The modinfocommand displays all sorts of informa- tion about a kernel module, as shown in Listing 23-1.29_
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