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room on the Freenode IRC server. When you arecomfortable with the rules of conduct, just enter/join #mandrake in the KSirc chat field and pressEnter. The screen promptly presents the currentconversation in the Mandrake chat room and the listof users currently in attendance. When you re finished chatting, just choose Channel. Close. Customizing KSirc Who Do You Want to Be Today? You can customize your KSirc environment to suityour tastes and work habits in a flash with the KSircConfiguration dialog. To customize KSirc, start a KSirc session and chooseSettings.Configure KSirc. The Configure KSirc dialogopens, as shown in Figure 38-7. Figure 38-7:The Configure KSirc dialog. Figure 38-6:You can monitor multiple channels at onetime. Looking for Answers in the SuSE Chat RoomIf SuSE Linux is more your style, you ll find lots ofhelp on the Freenode IRC server. Join the SuSE chat- room by entering the command /join #susein theunlabeled field at the bottom of the KSirc window. The SuSE channel opens, displaying the current con- versation in the large window on the left, with theactive participants in the panel on the right. After lurking for a while, you may want to join theconversation. Just enter your comments or inquiriesin the field at the bottom of the screen and pressEnter. In a flash, you re participating in the chat. When you re ready to leave the chat room, justchoose Channel.Close. That s all there is to it! Finding Fellow Mandrake Usersin the Mandrake Chat RoomYou should check out the rules of conversation for theMandrake chat room at http://mandrake.brain.orgbefore joining the conversation in the Mandrake46_
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Figure 38-4:The currently open channels. The Fedora channel is displayed, as shown inFigure 38-5. Figure 38-5:The current activity on the Fedora IRCchannel. To join any of the channels displayed in the listof open channels, enter the command /join#channelname. If you re interested in SuSE orMandrake specific channels, skip ahead to thesections titled Looking for Answers in theSuSE Chat Room or Finding Fellow MandrakeUsers in the Mandrake Chat Room. Chatting in the Fedora Chat RoomYou re almost ready to start chatting. Before joiningthe Fedora conversation, you should read the eti- quette directives at tinyurl.com/anel. It s also agood idea to lurk for a while to check out the flavorof the conversation before jumping in with yourquestions and/or answers. Hackers can be brutal if provoked. Be polite inIRC channels and observe etiquette, even ifyou re chatting with someone who goes bythe nickname of pigfilth. When you re ready to ask a question (or respond toone), follow these steps: 1.Type into the unlabeled field (near the bottomof the window) and press Enter when you refinished. Your question appears in the scrolling region, prefixed with your nickname. Some IRC servers require you to register beforeyou can talk (but you can usually listen withoutregistering). If you run into such a server, followthe directions that it sends your way. You can monitor multiple channels at onetime. As you open each channel, a new tabcontrol is added to the bottom of the KSircwindow (see Figure 38-6). 2.When you re done participating in a discus- sion, you can leave a channel by opening theChannel menu and choosing Close. The tab control closes, leaving your remainingchannels intact. If you have only one channelrunning, KSirc closes.
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Figure 38-2:The Connect to Server dialog. Figure 38-3:The KSirc connection window. 4.Choose Channel.New from the menu bar. In the unlabeled field near the bottom of theKSirc window, enter the following command: /listThe list of currently active channels begins toscroll by. Literally hundreds of channels are openat any given time, so the list can take a minute ortwo to load (see Figure 38-4). Use the scroll bar to view the entire list. The list- ing shows the current time, the #nameof thechannel, the number of users currently in atten- dance, and a note about the channel s subjectmatter. 5.To join the active channel discussing Fedora, enter the following command: /join #FedoraTo use KSirc with Mandrake, you ll first need to install the kdenetwork-ksirc- version.rpmpackage. It s included with thedistribution see Technique 17 for informa- tion about installing RPM packages. Follow these steps to use the KSirc IRC client: 1.On Fedora, open the Main Menu and chooseInternet.More Internet Applications.KSirc. On SuSE or Mandrake, open the Main Menu andchoose Internet.Chat.Ksirc. The KSirc Server Control dialog opens, as shownin Figure 38-1. Figure 38-1:The KSirc Server Control dialog. With no connections, the server control is kindof a sad and worthless place. Establishing someconnections is the first step to finding otherLinux users. 2.Choose Connections.New Server from themenu bar. The Connect to Server dialog opens, as shown inFigure 38-2.3.Use the arrow to the right of the Group field toopen a drop-down list box of available servers. Scroll down and choose Freenode from the list. Then click the Connect button. The KSirc connection window opens display- ing information about the connection (see Figure 38-3).
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38Person-to-PersonNetworking with IRCThere s computer networking, and then there s human networking. You can use IRC channels to network with other Linux users onlineto help solve problems and get the support you need to solveopen-source problems. IRC stands for Internet Relay Chat. Yes, we re talking about chat rooms but specifically the chat rooms targeted to open-source and Linux users. Find the right channel though, and you can find quick access to a user ordeveloper who may be able to help solve a problem. IRC networking can put you in touch with experts and amateurswhouse (and often write) the open-source projects that you use. Sometimes, when the documentation fails you, going online for theanswers is the quickest way to find a solution for your problem. In this technique, we introduce you to KSirc, which is one of the IRC toolsincluded with the KDE distribution. We also show you the way to someproductive, helpful chat rooms. Networking with the professionals onlinecan be a great timesaver in a pinch. Finding the Answers You Seek in aLinuxChat RoomWe ve tried to provide the quickest, most dependable ways we know toimplement system solutions to meet your needs. Unfortunately, systemconfigurations vary, and your needs sometimes extend beyond the bor- ders of what would be considered typical. In those cases, looking throughonline IRC channels for someone who s encountered a similar situationcan help you find a quick solution to your problem. Most standard Linux distributions come with several IRC clients, and lit- erally dozens of IRC clients are out there. One friendly and usable clientis KSirc. KSirc is included in a standard installation of the KDE desktopon both Fedora and SuSE Linux systems. TechniqueSave Time By Networking online with IRC Customizing your KSircworkspace46_
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just scratched the surface of what you can dowith the Nessus tool; its capabilities go far beyondthe reach of this technique. If you re interested infinding out more about Nessus, visit the Web site atwww.nessus.organd explore the online documenta- tion. Also check out the man page: $ man nessus. To update the Nessus plug-ins, open a command lineand give yourself superuser privileges. Then typethe following command and press Enter: # /usr/local/sbin/nessus-update-pluginsIt s a good idea to update your plug-ins often. Consider setting the update as part of anightly cron job. Set it up with Task Scheduleras a nightly task, and you ll save time, and theprocess will be automated.
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In the Severity frame, highlight the securitylevel you want to explore to show the scan find- ings in the frame below (see Figure 37-15). Figure 37-14:This port might cause a problem. Figure 37-15:This is a security hole. The really good news is that Nessus doesn tleave you hanging; a solution is included in thelower frame (see Figure 37-16). Figure 37-16:A security note. 6.Click the Security Note icon in the Severityframe to open a list of recommendations aboutthe port. Be sure to scroll down through thereport to see the recommendations they reworth the time and effort. 7.It s not a bad idea to save your reports for lateruse. Just click the Save Report button at thebottom of the report to open the file selectiondialog. Specify a location to save the file in, andclick OK. Save your reports for later comparisons, andyou ll see new problems as they appear. Keeping Your Plug-ins Up-to-DateNessus uses plug-ins to keep its security checks up- to-date. When a new security problem is discovered, it s likely that someone (either at www.nessus.orgorin the community of Nessus users) will write a plug- in to handle the vulnerability and publish it for thebenefit of other Nessus users. You can update theNessus plug-ins on your system with one simplecommand.
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list of the ports found open in the scanappears in the Port frame, as shown in Figure 37-13. Figure 37-13:The ports that Nessus explored. The icons to the left of the ports tell you whatNessus found when connecting to those ports. Ayellow triangle with a ! in it indicates a port youshould be concerned about. 3.Highlight the port name, and the SecurityWarning icon displays in the Severity frame, asshown in Figure 37-14. Highlight the securitywarning to view detailed information about thescan results in the bottom frame of the window. A red stop sign with a line through it indicatesa security hole. A triangle with an exclamation point indicatesa security warning. A light bulb indicates a security note (just abit of trivia you might find interesting). 4.Highlight one of the ports with an icon next toit to open the details in the Severity frame. You may find that a given port sponsors morethan one level of offense. You can enter multiple machines in theTarget(s) field by separating the host names(or IP addresses) with a ,(comma). Click theStart the Scan button, and a scan of all thesystems displays on the desktop. Reading the grim resultsAt first glance, the scan report looks pretty good; infact, it looks empty (see Figure 37-12). Just wait untilyou start exploring. Figure 37-12:The scan results. The good news is, the reports will tell you what todo about any security breaches Nessus finds. Thebad news, well, bear with us. Here s how to delveinto the report: 1.Highlight the subnet for your system in theSubnet frame. The individual machines that you ve included inthe scan are listed below, in the Host frame. 2.To see itemized information about what thescan found for each machine, highlight themachine address.
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don t recommend enabling dangerousplug-ins unless you have a specific securityneed. Be sure not to probe someone else smachine with a dangerous plug-in enabledbecause some of the plug-ins can crash theremote machine. 9.Highlight a plug-in in the list box at the bottomof the window to display a more completeexplanation of the specific security threat it sdesigned to combat (see Figure 37-10). Figure 37-10:Information about the plug-in. 10.Across the middle of the Plugins tab are fourbuttons, indicating the plug-ins you d like toapply to your scan. Choose to Enable All: Enable all the plug-ins currentlyon your system. Enable All but Dangerous Plug-ins: Don tenable the plug-ins that might cause problemson the target systems. Disable All: Disable all the plug-ins for a minimal scan. Upload Plugin:Upload any plug-ins that youwrite to the Nessus server. For a good starting place, click the Enable Allbut Dangerous Plugins button. That way, youavoid spending time fixing system corruptionuntil you ve done some preliminary scans forloose security. Save the risky endeavors forFridays, before slow weekends, after a goodsolid backup. 11.Click the Target Selection tab to select themachine that you want to test. Enter the hostname (or IP address) in the Target(s) field andclick the Start the Scan button. The scan opens another window, where progressbars chart the progress of the scan, as shown inFigure 37-11. When the scan is complete, theoriginal window and a window with the results ofthe scan appear on your desktop. Now, you needto interpret those results, which we discuss inthe next section, Reading the grim results. Figure 37-11:The scan in progress.
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Hover the mouse pointer over the dangerousplug-in s warning icon (the little yellow yieldsign with the ! on it) to display a tooltip thattells you what might happen to your system ifyou invoke this plug-in (see Figure 37-8). Figure 37-8:Check out the warnings. 8.Click the yield sign to display a more graphicexplanation of the problems you mayencounter if you enable the plug-in (see theexample in Figure 37-9). Figure 37-9:The complete explanation. Figure 37-6:The Plugins tab of the Nessus Setup window. Figure 37-7:The Nessus Setup window with volatile plug-ins.
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need to do the setup and installation only thefirst time you run Nessus. After that, you just startthe daemon and the user interface each time youwant to scan your system. Starting the daemon and the interfaceNessus is a client/server program. Before you canscan other machines on your network, you need tostart the Nessus daemon. To start the daemon, fol- low these steps: 1.Type the following command and press Enter: # /usr/local/sbin/nessusd -D2.To start the user interface, type this commandand press Enter: # /usr/local/bin/nessusThe Nessus Setup window opens, as shown inFigure 37-4. Figure 37-4:The Nessus Setup window. 3.Enter your Nessus login and password in theappropriate fields in the setup window, andthen click Log In. After validating your password, Nessus opens adialog, offering you choices about your level ofsecurity. 4.View and approve the certificate to continue. Nessus moves you to the Plugins tab of theNessus Setup window. A Warning dialog opens, warning you thatvolatile plug-ins have been disabled (see Figure 37-5). Figure 37-5:A fairly ominous-looking warning dialog. By default, Nessus disables dangerous plug-insthat may crash the computer you scan. Thewarning that you see is telling you that yoursecurity audit won t be complete withoutenabling the plug-ins that are a threat to yoursystem. If you enable the dangerous plug-ins, you maycrash the target system. Are you feeling luckytoday? 5.Click OK to continue. On the Plugins tab, you see a list of the plug-insthat are currently installed on your system. Theyare grouped according to component type in thetop frame of the window, as shown in Figure 37-6.6.In the Plugin Selection area, highlight one ofthe types to display a list of the plug-ins thatmake up that component in the lower part ofthe window. Use the scroll bar to cruise through the list. Youcan see that the boxes next to the plug-ins thatare considered volatile are not checked, asshown in Figure 37-7.45_
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