Save the file and close KWrite. You re ready to mount a share! Need more information about the fstabfile? For the fastest route to this info, type manfstabat the command line and press Enter. All the documentation is at your fingertips. Use the up- and down-arrow keys to scrollthrough the documentation, and when you refinished, press q to quit. Need the documentation in a nicer format? Double-click the Start Here icon on your desk- top and enter man:/in the Location line. Youmight need to search a bit for the documenta- tion, but it s more readable and includes hyper- links to other information related to your topic. Oh, and fstabis documented in Section 5. Now, to mount the new share, just use the mountcommand at the command line: $ mount //bastille/freddie Access your new share just like it s a part of yourlocal machine. You can work on it with all yourfavorite Linux programs or copy files back and fortheffortlessly. If you re graphically inclined, use Konqueror tonavigate your new file system. It works justlike a part of your local machine now. You need to customize the entry in this step asfollows: The first field, //bastille/freddie, describesthe device to be mounted. This is the computername, followed by the remote directory name. The second field, /mnt/bastille, defines themount point. This is the directory on yourcomputer where the content of the remotedirectory will appear. The mount point can beanywhere in your directory tree that youwould like your share to be, but you need tocreate the directory and set the privilegesbefore you mount it. The third field is the file system type: smbfs. Many file system types work with Linux, butsmbfsis the choice for what you re doing. The fourth field, noauto,user, describes theoptions to invoke for this mount. Set thenoautooption to tell Linux not to mount thisfile system at boot time (you never want toauto-mount a network share), and set theuseroption to permit a nonprivileged user tomount the share. The fifth field works with the backup com- mand. You don t want to be backing up thisshare remotely, so set it to 0. The sixth field indicates whether the file sys- tem of the share should be checked at boottime. Again, pass on this option and set it to 0.15_
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Figure 11-4:The Authentication dialog. 9.Enter the user name and password you use tolog into the Windows computer and click OK. 10.In the next dialog that opens, use the list box(initially labeled Generic) to choose yourprinter type and model. 11.Click Finish, and print a test page to verify thatthe printer is properly configured. To print on the remote printer, just click the printerbutton usually found on the toolbar, or navigatethrough the File menu. The Print dialog opens to let you adjust the properties of your print job (see Figure 11-5). Figure 11-5:The Print setup dialog. Plugging In to Remote Data with Linux Programs QuicklyMounting a remote directory on your local system isa great way to use your favorite Linux programs withWindows data (or data stored on another Linux com- puter). Just add a quick line or two to the /etc/ fstabfile, and Linux mounts a network share withjust one command. In a typical Linux system, you have to hold super- user privileges to mount a file system. That s verysecure, but not very convenient. If you want a non- privileged user to be able to mount his or her ownhome directory, you need to give some extra privi- leges to the SMB mount program (see Technique 27for more information about file permissions andprivileges): 1.At the command line, give yourself superuserprivileges. 2.Change permissions for smbmnt: chmod u+s /usr/bin/smbmnt3.Change ownership for smbmnt: Chown root /usr/bin/smbmntGranting privileges to programs (instead of tousers) can create security risks should somehacker discover a flaw in the smbmntprogram. Be sure to check out Technique 57 to decidewhether privileged programs are right for you. Now, if you add a line or two to your /etc/fstabfile, mounting a remote SMB share is a snap. To editthe file, follow these steps: 1.Open a terminal window and give yourselfsuperuser privileges with the sucommand. 2.Type kwrite /etc/fstaband press Enter. A KWrite window opens, with /etc/fstabdisplayed. 3.Add a line at the end of the file that reads likethis: //bastille/freddie /mnt/bastille \ smbfs noauto,user 0 015_
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You re prompted for the superuser password. Enter the password and click OK. 4.Click New. After a short delay, the Add a New Print Queuedialog opens, as shown in Figure 11-2. Figure 11-2:The Add a New Print Queue dialog. 5.Click Forward. 6.When the next dialog opens, type in a nameand a description for your printer. ClickForward again. 7.In the next dialog (see Figure 11-3), select theSMB queue type and highlight the networkshare that you want to use. Figure 11-3:Select the SMB queue type and highlight thenetwork share. 8.Click Forward. The Authentication dialog opens, as shown inFigure 11-4.4.Click Choose Printer. The printer parameters page appears. 5.Scroll to the bottom of the page and changeAvailable to No. 6.Click Commit Changes. Using a Windows printer from LinuxUsing a remote printer makes life much easier whenyou re working on a network. Sharing resourcessaves a small company not only dollars, but also lotsof time in potential maintenance. Sharing a printermeans that if Freddie s printer breaks, he can useRoberta s printer and still get his work done on timewithout shuffling disks, data, or cables. If you re accessing Windows-hosted resources from aLinux host, you don t need to install the Sambaserver just the client. Now, with a few quickclicks, you ll have access to a network printer. Follow these steps: 1.Click the printer icon on your taskbar. The GNOME Print Manager window opens (see Figure 11-1). 2.If you have no printers loaded, you re asked if you want to run the configuration tool. Click OK. Figure 11-1:The GNOME Print Manager.
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Click Finish. 4.If prompted, enter your Samba user name andpassword and click OK. After a short delay, a window appears (on yourWindows desktop) displaying the contents of yourLinux home directory. You can drag and drop files, copy them, print them, or create new ones. Justremember: The Samba-hosted files you see on yourWindows computer are actually stored on yourLinux computer. Sharing Linux files and directories with other computersThe standard configuration that SWAT choosesexposes home directories (and all printers). SWATmakes it easy to create new SMB shares for otherdirectories (even other devices) on your Linux com- puter. To share your CD drive with others, followthese steps: 1.To connect to SWAT, open your Web browserand jump to http://localhost:901.2.Log in as user rootwhen prompted. 3.Click Shares. The share manager page appears. 4.Type CD-Driveinto the field next to the CreateShare button. You can choose any name you like for the sharename, but don t get too fancy. In particular, don tinclude a forward slash or a backward slash inyour share name SWAT will let you do it, butyou won t be able to mount that share fromanother computer. 5.Click Create Share. The share parameter page appears. 6.Enter a descriptive name (such as Shared CD Drive) in the Comment field. 7.Type /mnt/cdromin the Path field (if you re run- ning SuSE Linux, type /media/cdrominstead). 8.Click Commit Changes (near the top of thepage). Now you should be able to remotely access your CD drive from another computer. Note that you stillhave to mount the CD (mount /dev/cdrom) from yourLinux host before others can see it. See the section, Plugging In to Remote Data with Linux ProgramsQuickly later in this technique for more details. Hooking Everyone Up to the PrinterSamba can expose printers as easily as it shares filesand directories. In fact, Samba automatically sharesyour Linux printers with anyone in your SMB work- group. You can also access (from Linux) printers thatare connected to Windows computers. In this section, we show you how to manage Samba printer shares. Sharing Linux printers with SWATIf you have any printers connected to your Linuxcomputer (and you ve configured them), Sambaautomatically shares them with other computers inyour workgroup; you don t have to expose themyourself. Samba discovers the printers on your com- puter by reading the /etc/printcapfile. Normally, you don t edit the printcapfile yourself; you let aKDE or GNOME helper do that for you. If you have a printer that you don twant to share, you can use SWAT to hide it from other computers: 1.To connect to SWAT, open your Web browserand jump to http://localhost:901.2.Log in as user rootwhen prompted. 3.Click Printers. The printer manager page appears.
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Open a terminal window. 2.Type smbclient //localhost/$USERand pressEnter. If you see a message like Connection to localhost failed, the Samba server is config- ured, but not actually running. In this case, logback into SWAT (with your Web browser), clickStatus, and then click Restart All. 3.Type in the password that you assigned to yourSamba account and press Enter. You re greeted with a new prompt (smb: \>) thatindicates you re running the smbclientprogram, connected to your home directory. You can typelsto see a directory listing, cdto move to a sub- directory, and helpfor a complete command list. Type exitwhen you re finished. The smbclientprogram is useful in a pinch (we useit just to make sure everything is configured prop- erly), but you really want to mount your new shareon another computer, which we cover next. Giving a Windows machine access toyourhome directoryIf your other computer is a Linux machine, sit tight, and we ll show you how to mount an SMB share in afew moments. If your other machine is a Windowshost, follow these directions to mount the new share: 1.On your Windows desktop, right-click MyComputer or Network Neighborhood andchoose Map Network Drive from the pop-upmenu. 2.Type your host name and share name into theFolder field. Windows expects SMB share names to start withtwo backslashes, then the host name (or IPaddress) of the SMB server, a single backslash, and the share name. For example, if your Linuxhost is named bastilleand you want to mountthe home directory of user franklin, you wouldenter the folder name \\bastille\franklin. 2.To connect to SWAT, enter http://localhost: 901in the Location field and press Enter. A dialog appears prompting you for a user nameand password. You must log in as rootand pro- vide the superuser password. If you don t, SWATallows you to log in, but you won t be able to doanything except read the documentation. 3.Click Globals. 4.Scroll down to the Workgroup box. The default value for Workgroup is MYGROUP. Ifyou already have a Windows workgroup, enterthe workgroup s name here. If not, choose aname (MYGROUP is a reasonable choice) andtype it into the Workgroup box. 5.Click Commit Changes to write your changes tothe /etc/smb.conffile. 6.Click Password. The password management page appears. Thispage lets you create new Samba users, deletethem, and enable and disable their accounts. Usethe top part of the page to manage the Sambaserver. The bottom part of the page (labeledClient/Server Password Management) lets youchange passwords on other(client) hosts. 7.Type your user name into the User Name fieldand enter a password into the New Passwordand Re-type New Password fields. SMB clients must provide the user name andpassword that you enter here before they canaccess the resources that you export (we ll showyou how to share specific resources a little laterin this technique). 8.Click Add New User. 9.Click Enable User. That s it! If everything went well, Samba is up andrunning, and you can access your Linux home direc- tory (~) from an SMB client. To verify that every- thing s working, follow these steps:
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Enter the superuser password if requested. 4.Scroll through the list on the left until you seethe SWAT check box. 5.Select the SWAT box. That tells Linux to automatically start the SWATservice whenever you boot your machine. (Seethe next section for more on SWAT.) 6.Scroll back up until you see the SMB service. 7.Select the SMB box next to SMB. This tells Linux to automatically start the SMBservice whenever you boot your machine. 8.Click Start (in the toolbar), and a windowappears telling you that the SMB service hasstarted. Click OK to close the window. 9.Click Save to save your changes. 10.Press Ctrl-Q to quit (or just close the dialog). If you re using Mandrake, start the services at thecommand line with the commands: # /sbin/service smb start# /sbin/service swat startIf you re using SuSE, you can start the services at thecommand line with the commands: # /etc/init.d/smb start# /etc/init.d/swat startNow it s time for a little configuration work. Don tworry, configuring Samba is as easy as swatting flies. Sharing Linux Resources withOther Computers (SMB Clients) After you install and start Samba, as described in theprevious section, you can start configuring all thecomputers so that they can share resources, whichis what this section is all about. Samba is controlled primarily by the /etc/samba/ smb.confconfiguration file. If you were to peek atthat file immediately after you install Samba (whichwe don t recommend), you may find it a tad bitintimidating: It s nearly 300 lines long and has allsorts of options and parameters that you typicallydon t need. Fortunately, Samba has a graphical configurationtool called SWAT that makes it much easier to man- age Samba. SWAT runs a mini-HTTP server on yourhost (listening for connection requests on port 901) and manages the Samba configuration file (/etc/ samba/smb.conf) and the Samba password file (/etc/ samba/smbpasswd) for you. The first time you run SWAT, it installs a new configu- ration file that exposes any printers installed onyour Linux host along with the users home directo- ries. You still have to adjust the workgroup name (ifnecessary) and create Samba user accounts. Thenyou can share the resources on your Linux computerwith other Windows and Linux computers on yournetwork. The following sections contain all thedetails. Adjusting the workgroup nameandcreatinguser accountsBefore a remote computer can access the data thatyou expose on your Linux host, the remote com- puter must prove its identity to Samba. Computersauthenticatethemselves by sending a workgroupname, a user name, and a password to your Sambaserver. Of course, you have to tell Samba whichworkgroup names and user names are valid andassign a password to each user account. To adjust the workgroup name and create useraccounts, follow these steps: 1.Open your Konqueror browser. To open Konqueror, double-click Start Here onyour desktop.
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samba-doccontains the documentation forSamba. samba-swatis a browser-based configurationutility for Samba. If you want your computer to act as a Sambaserver (that is, if you want to expose data orprinters located on your computer), you mustinstall the samba(or samba-server) package. However, we recommend installing all thepackages because it makes life a lot easier. If you install all four packages, your com- puter can act as a Samba client or a Sambaserver, and you ll have a nice configurationtool as well. To find out if Samba is already installed on yourFedora host, open a terminal window and type in thefollowing command: $ rpm -q samba samba-client samba-commonsamba-swat samba-docSuSE aficionados should use the command: $ rpm -q samba samba-client samba-docIf you are running Mandrake Linux, type in: $ rpm -q samba-server samba-client samba- common samba-swat samba-docIf rpmreports that any packages are not installed, digout your OS install media and install them. Enabling SambaSamba runs as a service process, hanging around inthe background waiting for client requests. After youhave Samba installed, you have to enable it to startthe Samba server. If you re running Fedora, followthese steps to enable the Samba service: 1.Open the GNOME or KDE main menu. 2.Choose System Settings.Server Settings. Services. Under the hood, Samba clients interact with Sambaservers by using a protocol called SMB (ServerMessage Block). SMB is also known as CIFS (CommonInternet File System). A server can expose two kindsof resources: printers and shares. A shareis a direc- tory (and all the subdirectories underneath it). Aprinter is, well, a printer. Samba has been around awhile, and it s very stable. You can use Samba to share resources even if youdon t have any Windows computers in your network. Samba lets you exposeresources to the rest of the world. We specifically chose the wordexposeto remind you that Samba can sharesecrets that you may not want to share. It seasy to make Samba reasonably secure, butit s also easy to make Samba insecure. SeeTechnique 37 for some helpful tips abouthardening your system against malicious (or accidental) abuse. Getting Up and Running with SambaBefore you can use Samba to share printers, direc- tory trees, or both, you have to do a little upfrontwork. The following sections help you check yourinstallation and then enable Samba. Checking whether Samba is installedThe first step in preparing to use Samba is makingsure that you have all the parts installed. Samba istypically distributed in five separate packages, butthe exact details vary by distribution: samba-clientcontains the software required toact as a Samba client. sambacontains the software required to act as aSamba server. samba-commoncontains files required by bothsambaand samba-client.
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11Sharing Files andPrinters in aWindows WorldMost networks sport an assortment of computers. A few Linuxmachines, a couple of Windows machines, and a Mac or two arecombined to create a network that is fast, versatile, and userfriendly. We re not trying to suggest that Linux isn t the best thing sincesliced bread, but in reality, a complete conversion to a Linux-only net- work isn t always possible. Sometimes, the Penguin just has to learn howto get along with Windows. The need to share data across a network is nothing new, but with morenetworks being made up of assorted machines, the open-source softwaremovement has grown to include a lot of excellent (and might we add, free) software that knows how to deal with data sharing programs thatlet you share data and hardware across your network painlessly and fast. In this technique, we show you how to share data and printers acrossyour network. Saving time, saving money . . . all in all, creating a friendlierworld. What Is Samba? Most people think of the Brazilian dance when they hear the word samba. We prefer to think of the triplochiton scleroxylon (commonly known asthe Samba tree), a west African tree having axillary cymose panicles. Wehave no idea what a cymose panicle is, axillary or otherwise. In the Linux world, Samba is a suite of resource-sharing utilities includedin most Linux distributions. You use Samba to share Linux file systems, directories, files, and printers with other hosts on your network. Sambais designed specifically to work with the Microsoft Windows file-sharingand printer-sharing features. Two hosts are involved in every Samba con- nection: The server makes a resource available to clients, and the clientaccesses the resource shared by a server. A Linux host can act as aclient, as a server, or as both. TechniqueSave Time By Using SWAT to configureSamba Getting Linux files fromWindows Getting to your Linuxprinters from Windows Using Windows data fromLinux15_
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Part IIGetting the Most fromYour File System14_
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